3/17/2023 0 Comments Bulls have sigmoid flexture![]() ![]() An epididymis bull has approximately 35 meters long and this tubule is convoluted and packed into 18 cm. The many tubules entered the head of the epididymis from the testicle unite to form a single tubule. It is divided into three regions, the head, body and tail. The epididymis is a compact, flat, elongated structure closely attached to one side of the testicle. There are hundreds of individual seminiferous tubules in the body of the testicle which unite with one another to form a few dozen tubules that exit from the testicle and pass into the epididymis. Scattered throughout the loose connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules are other kind of specialized cells, the interstitial cells of Leydig, that produce testosterone. Specialized cells, known as Sertori cells, localized in the tubes seminiferous are responsible to provide nutriments to the spermatozoa. The tubes seminiferous are formed by many long, tiny, coiled tubes, within which the sperm are produced and begin to mature. The seminiferous tubules are lined with germinal epithelium, the spermatogonia. This condition is genetically inherited, therefore such males should not be used for breeding. Hormone production by chryptorchid males is near normal and the male develops and behaves like a normal male, however will generally be subfertile. ![]() This condition is known as chryptorchidism. One or both testicles occasionally fail to descend into the scrotum during embryological development and are retained in the body cavity. This regulation is done by coordination of three structures: a temperature-sensitive layer of muscle (tunica dartos) located in the walls of the scrotum, which relaxes when hot and contracts when cold the external cremaster muscle within the spermatic cord, which controls the proximity of the testicle to the body by lengthening or shortening depending on environmental temperature and a counter-current temperature exchange regulated by a blood flow process known as the pampiniform plexus, which is a coil of testicular veins that provide an effective mechanism for cooling arterial blood entering the testicle and transferring its heat to the venous blood leaving the testicle. The scrotum provides physical protection to the testicle and helps regulate the temperature for optimum spermatozoa development. Location of the testicles exterior to the body cavity is essential for normal sperm formation, which occurs only at 1 to 4☌ cooler than body temperature. The testicles are located outside the body cavity in the scrotum (external oval sac) and have two vital functions: producing the spermatozoa, and producing the testosterone (male hormone). ![]()
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